An Exploration into Education of Pastoral Nomads in Swat, Pakistan

Abstract

Providing equal quality inclusive education for all groups is challenging, especially among pastoral Nomads and other vulnerable populations in today’s world.  The ethnographic study explores the educational problems that pastoral nomadic children faced in Swat, Pakistan. People depend on child labor, are influenced by customs, often move around, and economically face being isolated due to the remoteness of access to formal schooling. The study aims to understand the difficulties faced by nomadic families, explore their influence on children's learning, and research teaching strategies used around the world that work for these families.  Nomadic parents, children, community heads, and representatives from the NGOs were interviewed and discussions were held using focus group interviews. Thematic Analysis found that problems related to gender inequality, using children for work, lack of infrastructure and seasonal migrants were all preventing students from getting an education.  Yet, the survey found that most community members are interested in education that can be transported, adjusted for the seasons, and fits their culture. Results suggest that having traditional lessons, leaders from local communities, and flexible education methods are critical parts of educational policy.  According to the study, if cycles of poverty and being marginalized are to end in nomadic groups, they need access to education designed for them. Recommendations are provided to policymakers, non-governmental groups, and teachers who create school curricula about giving opportunities to disadvantaged students and joining community-led movements.