From Tradition to Modernity: A Qualitative Analysis of Societal Shifts in Education as a Social Institution
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55737/tk/2k24a.31141Keywords:
Modernization, Education, Curriculum Transformation, ICT Integration, Pedagogy, Corporal Punishment, Educational Equity, Educational InfrastructureAbstract
The modernization phenomenon transforms societies socially, economically, culturally, and politically toward more multifaceted approaches to life. As one of the fundamental social institutions, education has been meaningfully influenced by modernization. This study was primarily designed to obtain qualitative insights into the role of modernization in transforming education as a social institution. The data were collected purposively from different stakeholders of District Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A total of seven FGDs and 35 in-depth interviews were conducted with informants through an interview guide. After thematic analysis, the results disclose that modernization has changed traditional teacher-centered approaches to more student-centered and cooperative teaching approaches. The practice of corporal punishment has weakened due to legal restrictions and awareness. Educational institution has been significantly influenced by the addition of ICT tools. Besides, modern trends emerged like distance education, the emergence of specialized disciplines, curriculum transformation, etc. On the other hand, hindrances remain, including unequal access to technology, infrastructural deficiencies, excessive academic pressure, and concerns regarding students’ personality development. The study highlighted the need for well-adjusted policies that integrate technological development with educational and cultural values.
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